Effects of Poverty on Youth Free Essay Example, 1250 words

It was seen that a number of factors caused differential in IQ between children of those above poverty and those belonging to below the poverty line (Bellary, 2001). The main cause of differential in IQ was lead absorption, ear problems, anemia and low birth weight. All these are caused due to poverty in the family. According to Stern and Danziger (1990) there is a relationship among family income, child development and family structure. It was found that by keeping the socio-economic status constant, single-parent family can have a small negative effect on IQ of a youth. Hence single or teen parenthood effects the development of youth (Ravallion, 2010). It is also seen Youth who are raised by single parents complete one year less schooling than that of youth who have two-parents. Klebanov, Brooks-Gunn and Duncan (1994) did a detailed research on effects of persistent poverty on youth development. They found out that youth whose families are persistently in poor have lower IQ and ex hibit behavioral problems more than youth who experience transitory poverty. These effects are observed when other factors like maternal schooling, family structure are included into the study. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Poverty on Youth or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Test was also conducted on the effect of youth development on neighborhood characteristics. It was seen that youth with a higher concentration of rich neighbors has a good development than those of youth who have poor neighbors (Shah, 2013). Chase-Lansdale, Michael and Desai (1990) studied the way home environment have effects on development of youth. Cognitive development of youth was measured along with the income level of the family. It was seen that if a child was poor and the average income of the family was low, it affected the cognitive development of the youth. Maternal employment also had an effect on them. If the income of the family is earned by a mother it has an adverse effect on the development of youth because of her inability to play a pivotal role in the development of youth (Bradbury, Jenkins and Micklewright, 2001). Discussion Youth gets affected due to poverty in their family. It refers to development of interdependent skills of cognitive language, sensorimotor and social emotional functioning. The entire above thing depends on the physical well being of the Youth. Many like family context and the social network helps in the process. Youth should be given proper education to move out of poverty line. They should have educational achievement under their belt and have completed their formal schooling.

Analysis Of Financial Statements University Of Colorado...

Analyses of financial statements: University of Colorado and DeVry Inc. Institution History Recognized as being one of the top 34 degree-granting public research institutions that belongs to the prominent Association of American Universities, the University of Colorado (CU) prides itself on providing a lasting effect on its communities through â€Å"collaborative research, innovation and entrepreneurship† (para. 1). This university consists of a system of three other public, not-for-profit universities, which are the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Comparable to its counterpart, DeVry Inc. (DeVry) is a â€Å"global provider of educational services and one of†¦show more content†¦In addition, the paper will discuss both institutions priorities and mission, financial health, and offer recommendations for bettering both institution’s strategic budget management. Revenue Source and Expenditures There are numerous amounts of revenue sources that are set to support private and public higher education institutions. However, the prominence and reliance on each cradle of fiscal support will vary between establishments; with the greatest variance being between private and public institutions. Public institutions such as the University of Colorado, bring in some of their revenue from state funded resources. In fact, the university showed a decrease in state funding for their 2010 fiscal year fee-for-service contracts of $51,802,000, as well as a decrease of $38,073,000 in stipends receives (). This decrease and lack of support of state funding eroded the university due to an increase in enrollment numbers for that year. Due to the decrease in state support, the university ended up being backfilled with stimulus funds offered to them by the federal government. Generally, the revenue sources for higher education institutions will mostly consist of operating and non-operating revenue sources. By definition, non-operating income is generated by â€Å"the portion of an organizations income that is derived from activities or sources, not related to its core operations;† while operating income is generated by sources that are related to theShow MoreRelatedThe Apollo Group (University of Phoenix) Case Study #45 Essay2627 Words   |  11 PagesRUNNING HEAD: UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX The Apollo Group, Inc. (University of Phoenix) Case Study #45 JacQueline E. Smalls Capella University Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Planning Strategically for Domestic and Global Environments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 5 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats†¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 7 Solving Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.Page 8 Creating Value†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 9 Read MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 PagesEighth Edition Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts Thomas P. 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Detterence Free Essays

string(62) " more stringent than those described in the library resource\." Running Head: Deterrence 1 Deterrence Criminology Shawn Caulder Excelsior College Deterrence 2 Abstract: During the course of study in references for the topic of deterrence I have found a vast amount of information. Most are articles written by different intellectual scholars in the criminal justice field all weighing in on what they believe the theory of â€Å"Deterrence† is and how it relates to the ability to deflect and or inhibit crime during war time, peace time and stately situations. In particular I found one article to be an astounding work done by a man named Stephen Quackenbush with an article titled General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory (2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Detterence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although this article deals with deterrence theory of international conflict it still involves the basic roots of deterrence. I would like to show that through Mr. Quackenbush’s work one can come very close to a â€Å"Perfect Theory of Deterrence â€Å" by simply following the logic of the article. Deterrence 3 When searching for the topic it was my goal to find the meaning of deterrence and or the application behind the theory. I wanted something with close ties to the relationship of the text we are using in the classroom. The text we are using Vold’s Theoretical Criminology, 6th ed (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). I found in the article what I needed to relate different aspects of the text to the fundamentals behind what S. Quackebush (2006) had theorized about the levels behind deterrence. Not only does his research provide information on when and how to implement deterrence it can use simple math to determine the victor in every situation based on fundamentals of push and shove and force on force comparisons. In order to understand what deterrence was I wanted to find a source to provide a little more input than data from the 1800’s, as we have learned from Cesare Bonesana (1738-1794) statement concerning the implementation of keeping punishments proportional to the seriousness of the crime so that the cost always exceeds the reward (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, pg. 14). This is all well and good to understand how to set its boundary of punishment to the crime but I needed a better understanding of how it worked and what other factors besides crime helped to determine severity and what types of deterrence we see in our world today. By looking into Quackenbush’s (2006) theory I can gain a better understanding of the levels of deterrence and the players in the game. By understanding it better myself and can readily adapt it better in my of life and have a better understanding of why and how it is used not only on the global level but on every street corner in America. I order to locate the information I was searching for I followed the link provided in module one under the paper one resource provided by the course administrator. After following the link to the Excelsior Library’s resource search page I entered deterrence into the search box and began to look for articles that appealed to me over those that were easier for lack of a better term. Deterrence 4 I did find an article prior to the one by Mr. Quackenbush (2006) but after careful review I found the course required the article to be from 2000 and up. My article was from the 1930’s so that got quickly recycled and I found the article mentioned above. When I have used the library resource in the past I find it is always best to find your specific subject of study go to that portion of the library and search using specific terms within the requirements you have for the research to be done. In this case it was easy I had one word to describe my intent to the search box and in return it pulled up many documents. I knew that since mine needed to be a specific format â€Å"Article† I then eliminated all but the required information such as periodicals and journals. Of course a wide variety of useful and some not so useful articles, journals and periodicals popped up. I simply perused through them until I found a few that grabbed my attention. I would then open the journal and briefly read through it to see if it contained the content I wanted or was interested in. Once I found the writing that best fit the work I wanted to explore my time was done in the Excelsior Library. While looking through the many choices that were made available to me I quickly looked at content for information that one, intrigued me and two had some rational sense in which I could then understand and use. What is the point of using information that you have no Comprehension of? Once these guidelines were established I look at the list of references and crossed checked these and the original author through the internet to find any additional information that may have been useful to me. The trick to this as well is to find a resource that has the intent of the message being interpreted and received by the viewer. If I am to do a paper on deterrence what benefit would I gain from a paper on crime rates in Kalamazoo, MI? At this point relevance to the meaning of the research is a factor. Another key thing to look for in an article is what amount of evidence is backed up by fact and how much of it is based on opinion or hearsay? Deterrent 5 A good resource needs to be based on as much proven fact and be backed by additional works to allow for the best use of the material in which you are going to use for your paper. Anyone can find a story on their topic but is it a story or is there hard evidence to back it up? I believe my methods of evaluation are probably a bit more stringent than those described in the library resource. You read "Detterence" in category "Papers" I tend to be a stickler for what I want to use for any form of writing in order to try to get my point across as best as possible. The library resources are abundant with useful information though. Do not think I am discrediting then because that would be far from the truth. As a new student when I first started my Undergraduates Degree I used all the resources available to me especially the library. The article I chose to introduce to compliment Chapter two’s lesson on deterrence is an article called General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory, by Stephen L. Quackenbush (2006). When I first began to read the article it intrigue my because it deals not just with the cause and effect of deterrence but the quantative measure of it as if it is and has always been a scientific fact of life. It begins by stating deterrence is the use of a threat (explicit or not) by one party in attempt to convince another party not to upset the status quo (Quackenbush, S. L. 2006). It breaks it down into two purposes which are direct and extended deterrence. One is immediate and used primarily as a means of prevention or attack on a defender, while the other is meant to deter a general population. Along with this are two types of situations that are created by deterrence. The first is immediate and is targeted toward a specific challenger and general which is all encompassing of a group (Quackenbush, S. L. 2006). Deterrent 6 Inside these purposes are different categories to describe different events of deterrence to include direct immediate deterrence, direct general deterrence, extended immediate deterrence and extended general deterrence (Quackenbush, S. L. 2006). These are considered different strategies based on your position. In this article the author chose to focus primarily on direct general deterrence to prove his theory of the â€Å"perfect deterrence†. At many times Dr. Quackenbush (2006) speaks in term of deterrence being that of a game. I will describe the way that I understand his game based n the article as it delves deep into mathematical equations that do make sense but are a long way to describe it how I will. As discussed before there are and have to always be two sides when we speak of deterrence. In the case of the article they are known as Challenger and Defender. In this game there are choices to be made and depending on the choice each side makes will determine whether you are the defender or the challenger. Think of it if you will like a national game of chess depending on how you chose to play your piece will either make you the aggressor or leave you making defensive moves to get out of harm’s way. Earlier it was discussed that deterrence is simply used to bring one party back to the status quo or the normal. Being the defender or challenger and based on the decisions you make will put you into one of two places. You will either be the defender, come back to the status quo or you will retaliate (becoming the challenger) and move into conflict and vice versa. Based on this Dr. Quackenbush (2006) has established that no matter where we are even in peace times there will always be a direct general deterrence. The shift from this happens when one side moves their piece one way or another. The understanding of deterrence in this article is based on a state to state or nation to nation offensive and defensive. We typically are discussing criminal activities of general population during this course but I do have a way to show just how much it looks like the national scale of deterrence within our precincts and our cities. Deterrence 7 One of the ways it can be shown that Dr. Quackenbush’s (2006) Theory of the perfect deterrence being present in our text is to compare just a few similarities in which he based his work on. One of the first few terms that come to mind is deterrence decay and residual deterrence. If compared to the though t of a continual deterrence as suggested by Dr. Quackenbush then you can consider these the effects of a deterrent being put into place. This would happen in three stages the initial deterrent, the deterrent decay and what would be left would be the residual deterrence. By showing that there are different levels and or stages of deterrence at any given ime then we can validate the Theory of Perfect Deterrence as proposed by Dr. Quackenbush (2006). By knowing the challenger to defender relationship it can compare to local law enforcement against drugs, crime, gangs and the list goes on. At times the law enforcement agencies are the challenger and the criminals are the defender. Those roles do reverse and local authori ties have come under attack many times before. By understanding that there is always some type of ongoing deterrence whether perceived or intentional the challenger and or the defender will plan accordingly. The threat of going to jail for a crime is a constant deterrent for most. At times though there are those that weigh the benefit to the loss and chose to defy the deterrent sometimes they get away with it and sometimes they don’t. It is knowing that there is a consequence for your action that keeps most on the straight and narrow. A perceived deterrent would be a shining star in proof of constant deterrence theory. Based on past experiences people will build a perceived notion of punishment for an offense. The deterrent had been initiated long ago yet the residual effect of it remains. Deterrence 8 References: Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, (2010) Vold’s Theoretical Criminology, 6th ed. Oxford University Press INC. New York, NY Quackenbush, S. L. (2006) General Deterrence and International Conflict: Testing Perfect Deterrence Theory: Retrieved from: http://ehis. ebscohost. com. vlib. excelsior. edu/eds/detail? vid=4;hid=5;sid=aa2e740b-17f8-471a-843f-25982123af97%40sessionmgr111;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=a9h;AN=48490499 How to cite Detterence, Papers

Leadership Analysis Of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Leadership Analysis Of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to strategically analyze the leadership qualities, process and the outcomes of these for an influential leader. This project aims to guide us in studying how the well known leaders demonstrated exemplary leadership and identifying the strengths and weakness of their leadership qualities and decisions. The leader selected for this assessment is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was an Indian freedom fighter and social leader who is more popularly known as the Iron man of India. He was a phenomenal leader displaying exceptional leadership and decision making abilities accounting to the integration of the princely states of India in the form that we know it at present. Born in a small town of Gujrat by the name Nadiad on 31st October 1875 to Zaverbhai Patel and Ladbai, he was a self-educated man (Ganga, 2015). He was a lawyer who was immensely successful in his career and drew inspiration from the life, philosophies and work of Mahatma Gandhi. Among the nationalist freedom fighters of India, he was also known as Gandhis Lieutenant. He led from the front and enjoyed the support and respect of the entire nation as a representative of the Indian National Congress. He was responsible for the organization of the Kheda and Bardoli peasants during the mass civil disobedience movement which was a non-violent protest against the oppressive British ruling over India at that time (Sharma, Singh, Singh, 2015). He also provided his leadership and guidance for the organization of the Quit India Movement leading India to independence in the year 1947. He was a prominent member of the Indian National Congress who supported the party and helped them in preparing f or the elections in both 1934 and 1937. He is still revered for his straightforward approach and decisive leadership that helped with the integration of the Indian states. In this report we are going to study the leadership style of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel understanding his leadership style and the specific traits and skills he possessed that helped him become the revered leader that he is today (Burdman, 2000). Notable works and achievements Although the entire life of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is full of instances and episodes that give us much to emulate, this section comprises of his notable works from which we can draw inspiration and understand his leadership qualities and style. His most popular and revered role was in the integration of the Indian states. He handled the integration of the princely states single handedly by his diplomatic and farsighted leadership. The Indian subcontinent was functioning as 562 independent princely states under the British rule. In July 1947, he sensed the urgency and the need for integration of the Indian states and followed a determined and iron handed policy for it. He communicated it to the states that none of them could remain independent and function in isolation within the Indian territory. He was able to convince the Princes and the Kings by invoking their national sentiment and persuaded them to contribute in making India the democratic nation declaring its freedom from the British rule in August 1947. He managed to do this without waging a civil war, securing the solidarity of the country. Post Independence, he was made the first Deputy Prime Minister of India and also given the charge of the Home Ministry. He established the Indian Administrative Services and the Indian Police Service and was a member of the Constituent Assembly. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar who wrote the constitution of independent India was appointed on the recommendation of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He was the chairman of the committee formed in India for tribal, minorities and excluded areas (Menon, 2014). He also organized the dairy sector of India guiding the Gujrati dairy farmers towards the creation of Kaira District co-operative Milk Producers' Union Limited which continues to be the largest dairy operations of India known by the brand name of Amul. Amul was responsible for the spur of white revolution in India making it the world's largest producer of milk and milk products. During the Pakistani invasion of Kashmir in 1947, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel suggested immediate action from the then Prime Minist er Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. Nehru, however, decided to go to the United States for the arbitration. The situation eventually got worse and Patel himself oversaw the military operations supporting the then Defence Minister Baldev Singh during the war and they were able to retrieve a lot of the invaded territory back. He also opposed the release of Rs. 55 crore by the Government of India to the Pakistani Government arguing that the money would ultimately be used by Pakistan to finance the war against India (Divas, 2014). However Mahatma Gandhi, fearing further communal violence between the two nations, decided to go ahead with the decision. Studying about his life and his inborn leadership qualities, we can safely say that Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a farsighted visionary leader whose uncompromising and influential life has rightly earned him the title of Iron man of India. Leadership skills demonstrated by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel The ability to take right decision at the right time made Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel a true Iron man. This is a virtue that most of the politicians and self proclaimed leaders lack in todays world. Sardar Patel displayed Transformation Leadership style all through his life. Sardar is a title which is given to the leader or chief in various Indian languages. Living up to his title, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and his life are an inspirational journey, giving us much to learn from. Some of the leadership qualities and skills that we can draw inspiration from displayed by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel are listed here: Sense of reality: He always adopted the straightforward approach, expressing what he thought clearly and boldly. He did not let ideologies and principles drive him towards delusional fantasy (Government, 2008). Determination: He was determined and could anticipate the results before he began acting. He was determined and focused with his efforts and did not falter or fall weak once he had his eyes set on the goal. Invincible: He had the ability to fight against all odds and show the invincibility and resilience. He took up the mammoth task of integration of a nation and was able to achieve it with his focused efforts. Decision making skills: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patels success can also be attributed to his excellent and quick decision making skills. He always made the right decision at the right time. Influence: Among the qualities of a great leader is their ability to influence their subordinates and peers. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was an influential leader whose opinion was sought by the other prominent leaders and he extended help and guidance to the people in need acquiring a mass following. Conflict resolution: He was able to convince all 562 states to unite and integrate into one nation without any civil wars of protests. He was also able to handle to difficult negotiation and conflicts of the Junagarh, Hyderabad and Kashmir, which is again a sign of exemplary leadership (Krishna, 2002). Adaptability: He could easily and effortlessly adapt to any situation. He was imprisoned a number of times during the freedom struggle and he had to travel across the length and breadth of the country at the time of integration. He displayed adaptability and flexibility in its truest sense. Planning and execution: The entire integration of the states was planned and executed by him. He was responsible for the nomination of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru as the first prime minister, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar as the member of the constituent assembly and various other leaders. His farsightedness and excellent planning are looked up to by leaders in even in the present day and age. Team player: In order to lead a team, a leader must play by the rules and display the characteristics of a good team player. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was an excellent team player. He continued to contribute and work towards the welfare of the country, even when his proposals were not accepted by the other leaders. He always had the best interest of the nation in his heart and this was visible in all his actions (Talukdar, 2015). Effective utilization of available resources: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel thought on his feet and made the best possible use of the resources available to him. Both the national and corporate leaders can learn a lot by emulating his characteristics and qualities. Strengths and weaknesses of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as a leader Some people become leaders by training and struggling and then there are others who are born to lead. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel can be safely categorized in the latter category. He in an example of a leader who leads by example. Under his leadership, people were impressed and influenced and he was able to achieve all his desired goals. He had mastered the skill of negotiation and could convince people into making them do what he aimed for. He displayed exceptional social and emotional intelligence and was empathetic to the people and understood their needs (Sigma, 2009). Lord Mountbatten who was the last Viceroy of India described him as the a leader who had his feet firmly on the ground, but even when his feet were firmly planted on the ground, he had his eyes set on goals much higher than anyone could have anticipated at that time. He was a visionary leader who had pictured the independent and integrated India long before it became a reality and worked towards its achievement. He ma de use of coercive power to make the states like Junagarh fall in line with the rest of the states. He had a lot of faith in the capitalists and he believed that the industrialists and the capitalists could lead the nation towards economic development. He also believed in creating a promising future for the citizens by creating employment opportunities for them working with the industrialists and the capitalists again. He also took some tough decisions like waging a war while the cabinet and the Prime Minister himself were against the decision displaying his enduring bravery. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a nationalist leader always having the best interest of his country in his mind. He also had a lot of respect for his culture and religion. He led from the forefront in the restoration and reconstruction of the Somanth Temple, which is a revered Hindu temple located in Saurashtra, Gujarat. A leader cannot please everyone all the time and this can be proved with the life of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as well. He was always willing to give it all, in everything that he did. Living by the famous sutra by Acharya Chanakya, he made use of 1) Saam: to advice and ask 2) Daam: to offer and buy 3) Dand: to punish and 4) Bhed: exploiting the secret strategies to achieve what he believed was right. Some people have a general impression of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as an anti-Muslim. He had a fighting spirit and a never-say-die attitude. He had a rock strong will and the strength to face any obstacle and break through it. Although he looked up to the leadership of Mahat ma Gandhi so much that he suffered a heart attack on getting the news of his assassination, he could openly oppose and contradict him for what he considered right (Aggarwal, 2014). Lord Wavell, who was the second to last Viceroy of India describes Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as communal and the only Indian leader who had the ability to stand up to Mahatma Gandhi and contradict him, rightly titled as the Iron man of India. He was highly capable, selfless and righteous leader with an iron will. Taking command of the Indian National Congress, he was selected by thirteen of the sixteen provincial governing parties of the Indian National Congress as the first Prime Minister of India. However, on the instructions of his leader and mentor Mahatma Gandhi, he stepped out of the way for Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru to take up that responsibility. He did not shy away from visiting the states with communal disturbances. He talked to the warring communities, calmed them down and made India a peaceful s tate making use of his intelligence, wit and convincing nature. He was also responsible for the handling of the inflow of refugees from Pakistan at the time of separation and managed the safe inflow, relocation and provisioning of 1.5 million people. He himself ensured their safety in the refugee camps and made sure there were no conflicts, starvation or health hazards breaking there. He was against the Chinese occupation of Tibet and even warned Jawahar Lal Nehru of the impending attack by the Chinese. He is therefore also referred to as the foster father of the nation with the list of his contribution no less than the father of the nation and his mentor Mahatma Gandhi. Conclusion The entire life of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is nothing short of a lesson on leadership. He continues to inspire the people and there is much to learn from his life. He was a self learned leader who helped in shaping the course of a country as huge and diverse as India. He was highly capable, selfless and righteous leader with an iron will. He lead from the front and was a phenomenal leader who displayed exceptional leadership and decision making abilities contributing to the integration of the princely states of India in the form that we know it at present. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a farsighted visionary leader whose uncompromising and influential life has rightly earned him the title of Iron man of India. He displayed exceptional social and emotional intelligence and was empathetic to the people and understood their needs. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a nationalist leader always having the best interest of his country in his mind. 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