Reflective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intelligent - Essay Example The recognizable is agreeable, regardless of whether it isn't the best plan for all gatherings included. In the field, for example, the medical caretakers were at first reluctant about being a piece of the preparation, and had numerous inquiries and private apprehensions that they imparted to me. This was the truth, even as they permitted me to clarify the convention in general terms. The specialists, in the interim, while for the most part calm, had a position of keep a watch out, and inclined toward the wary side. The organization of the medical clinic as well, in any event, when they consented to the change venture, likewise clearly needed to ensure that the change would bring about positive changes in the unit all in all, and preferred that the extent of the change was restricted and unmistakable to lower leg wounds. There must be intercessions and clarifications arranged for the patients also. Underneath a portion of these worries is a need to assume responsibility and be contro l of the circumstance. The change was to agitate them from their comfortable and safe positions. The contentions that are to originated from the adjustment to be determined of intensity among medical attendants and specialists with regards to dynamic are significant, regardless of whether they are constrained to simply lower leg and foot wounds in the crisis setting. ... These are apparently benevolent issues, however from the viewpoint of who assumes liability for quiet prosperity these are significant clashes that the change venture expected to appropriately assess, arrange and resolve (Institute of Medicine, 2006). In the above assessment clashes it is clear excessively that there are conditions in the activities and the results of the activities of the different partners to the change venture. For example, medical caretakers can get engaged distinctly with the trust and certainty given to them by the specialists, with whom the triage attendants need to work pair in dealing with patients with lower leg wounds, utilizing the Ottawa lower leg rules. On the off chance that specialists come up short at confiding in the skill of the nurses’ choices attached to these guidelines, at that point the entire procedure and change venture wavers. Specialists will settle on their own choices paying little mind to the medical caretaker proposals. Then aga in, if the medical caretakers endure with utilizing the convention even without the collaboration of the specialists, the conditions likewise separate and attendants and specialists can copy each others’ work. Making a stride back, the choice of the medical clinic organization to permit the change task to push through additionally falls down the line into making the entirety of the included gatherings coordinate and make sure that their activities in any event allow the venture to make it to culmination. This is so they can see whether the convention improves their work and the patient results. In the change venture even the medical caretakers were reluctant from the outset to utilize their new capacity to make suggestions on x-beams, since they knew too that the patients and the specialists relied upon the exactness of their conclusions. Then again, the

Learn How Many Total Electoral Votes There Are

Figure out How Many Total Electoral Votes There Are In the United States, the president and VP are chosen by the Electoral College as opposed to the well known vote of the individuals and, as of April 2018, there are a sum of 538 discretionary votes. This arrangement of circuitous majority rule government was picked by the Founding Fathersâ as a trade off between permitting Congress to choose a president and giving possibly ignorant residents a direct vote.â The historical backdrop of how that number of discretionary votes became and the number expected to choose a president is a fascinating story. Constituent Votes Background Previous U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamiltonâ wrote in Federalist (Paper) No. 68: Nothing was more to be wanted than that each practicable snag ought to be against plot, interest, and corruption. The Federalist Papers, composed by Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, spoke to an endeavor to persuade theâ states to endorse the Constitution. The designers of the Constitution, and numerous in authority positions during the 1780s, dreaded the impact of theâ unwashedâ mob. They expected that, whenever permitted to legitimately choose the president, the general people may stupidly decide in favor of an unfit president or even a dictator or theâ masses may be undulyâ influenced by remote governmentsâ when deciding in favor of a president. Fundamentally, the Founding Fathers felt the majority couldn't be trusted. Thus, they made the Electoral College, where residents of each state would decide in favor of a record of voters, who hypothetically were swore to then decide in favor of a particular applicant. In any case, if conditions justified, the voters could be allowed to decide in favor of an applicant other than the one to whom they were promised. The Electoral College Today Today, every resident vote shows which balloters he might want to have representâ him during the Electoral College process. Each presidential ticket has a gathering of assigned voters prepared to react should their gathering win the well known vote of the individuals during a presidential political race, which happens at regular intervals in November. The quantity of constituent votes is inferred by including the quantity of congresspersons (100), the quantity of individuals in the House of Representatives (435), and three extra decisions in favor of the District of Columbia. (The District of Columbia was granted three appointive votes with the entry of the 23rd Amendment in 1961.) The complete number of voters, at that point, signifies 538 all out votes. To win the administration, a competitor needs in excess of 50 percent of the discretionary votes. Half of 538 is 269. Subsequently, an applicant needs 270 Electoral College votes to win. Progressively About the Electoral College The complete number of constituent votes doesn't fluctuate from year to year in light of the fact that the quantity of individuals from the House of Representatives and the Senate doesn't change. Rather, every 10â years with the new registration, the quantity of balloters shifts from states that have lost populace to states that have picked up populace. In spite of the fact that the quantity of appointive votes is fixed at 538, there are conditions that can emerge requiring extraordinary consideration. There is a protected procedure that becomes effective in the event of aâ tie in the Electoral College.Most states utilize a champ takes-all strategy, where the up-and-comer who wins the states well known vote is granted the states whole record of voters. As of April 2018, Maine and Nebraska are the main expresses that don't utilize a champ takes-all system.Because of the manner in which voters are allocated, the presidential applicant with the most votes by the populace doesn't generally win the political decision and become president. This was the situation with Hillary Clinton, whoâ won the well known vote by about 3 million ballotsâ in the 2016 presidential political decision, but Donald Trumpâ became president in light of the fact that heâ received 290 out of 538 constituent votes, 20 more than the 270 discretionary votes he expected to win.

Story of Keesh and Life of Pi Movie Review Essay

Story of Keesh and Life of Pi Movie Review Essay The Story of Keesh tells about the struggle for life led by a son of a recognised village huntsman. The tribe collected and recalled many stories about legendary experiences of Keesh’s father when he was hunting for food. The death of the father left Keesh and his mother with the shortage in food that forced the boy to engage in hunting. Besides, the honour of the dead father inspired the boy to take part and contribute to the tribe’s access to and availability of food (London, 2013). When the boy declared his intention to the tribe, the elders did not perceive him seriously, although allowed the boy to go on his own. The unexpected return of Keesh with a killed polar bear surprised tribal members. The boy repeated his success several times, and his accomplishments in hunting even exceeded his father’s glory. The situation raised suspicion in villagers, who, however, did not reveal their doubted to the boy whose independent excursion brought more meat to the tribe than common e xpeditions of adult hunters (London, 2013). The continuing unexplained success of Keesh worried the tribal elders, who finally decided to send two spies to follow the boy in his next hunting campaign. The returned scouts told that they did not see Keesh using any hunting arms or equipment. Instead, they reported observing the boy walking in front of the bear, enraging it and making it follow him. The story supported earlier suspicions of Keesh practicing witchcraft (London, 2013). The elders came to the boy’s igloo contracted by thankful villagers for the abundance of food produced by his hunting campaigns. Upon listening to the tribal accusing statements, the boy explained how he managed to reach the hunting glory of his father. Realising his physical weakness compared to adult hunters, the boy went another way â€" he left poisoned balls of food for the bear and waited until the animal ate it and became ill (London, 2013). Thereafter, Keesh came and deranged and spore the bear without any danger for himself. Though the story about young hunger seems simple, it raises some social and philosophic issues. In this short story, London placed man against society, nature and himself. In the pursuit of maintaining his father’s glory as a great tribal man, Keesh decided to exert himself to a dangerous and challenging practice of hunting. He used his intelligence to cope with the wild nature and its power. Finally, the boy advocated himself in front of the accusing tribe to prove their unjustified suspicions. The Story of Keesh has found its continuation in the present-day literature in The Life of Pi. Like London’s character, Pi is a young boy placed against himself, society and nature. The institution of martial law forced the Pi’s family to leave India, where they held a zoo. When leaving the country, the family took several animals on board of a Japanese cargo ship, which ran into a gale. The tragedy left Pi along on a halfway-sunk shift with several wild animals. In the aftermath of nat ural processes, Pi is left along with a tiger on a lifeboat to search for a rescue (Martel, 2013). The story of Pi demonstrates an excellent contradiction between the nature and mankind in terms of efforts taken by the boy to train the wild tiger and become his master. Though the boy succeeded in managing behaviour of the tiger, he could not prevent it from eating a castaway met during their ocean journey (Martel, 2013). Comparing to Keesh to won over nature through hunting polar bears, the story of Pi indicates the human weakness in front of the natural system. After leaving the tiger in the jungles of Mexico, Pi faced the need to deal and cope with the social order and procedures. In the interview conducted by Japanese maritime officials, the boy told his experience in detail. Suspicions demonstrated by the interviewers made Pi to tell another story without animal characters, which might suit the authorities more. While Keesh gained understanding with his community, the story of Pi allows the reader to decide the most plausible ending within the contemporary social realm. References London, J. (2013). The collected stories of the north by Jack London. Zurich, Switzerland: E-artnow. Martel, Y. (2013). Life of Pi: A novel. San Diego, CA: Hartcourt.

What are the barriers to implementing a marketing plan and...

According to McDonald marketing planning is a logical sequence of events leading to the setting of marketing objectives and a formulation of plans for achieving them. (McDonald 2002 p56) The complexity of marketing planning means that when organizations embark on it, they should expect to encounter a number of organizational, attitudinal, process and cognitive problems (McDonald 2002). This essay is an attempt to outline some of those problems, however it is beyond this essay to clarify all possible barriers in implementing a marketing plan. After the potential barriers are of implementation are specified the essay will try and give possible solutions. The essay will first look at organizational constraints and then progress onto†¦show more content†¦McDonald states, A major cause of failure or partial failure of marketing planning systems is the belief that once a system is designed, it can be implemented immediately. (McDonald 2002 p82) Businesses who subscribe to this view often fail to implement a timetable for their plans. This can cause them to not fully plan the planning process. The inadequate planning could cause ineffective plans as they are not tried and tested, it could also cause them not being communicated successfully. McDonald discuss how planning the planning process above all gives a resolute sense of purpose, and dedication is required, tempered by patience and a willingness to appreciate the inevitable problems which will be encountered in its implementation. (McDonald 2002 p82) Possible problems can occur in the presentation of the planning terms. Confusion between members of an organisation concerning the content of the marketing plan can be elevated due to perplex terminology and excessive amount of information and detail. Planners are usually highly skilled and use expressions, which can be perceived by operational managers as meaningless jargon (McDonald 2002). Elaborate systems can often be blamed for over planning. Over planning can create huge amount of data and information, which may not necessarily be needed. This can be de-motivating for all concerned and cause loss of focus to the main issues (McDonald 2002 p85).Show MoreRelatedIntroduction. Coca-Cola Is One Of The Company That Gets1482 Words   |  6 Pagesexample of international Marketing. The term ‘international marketing’ is not only based on marketing, but rather more building, and executing a solid marketing plan and actively looking for opportunities to expand a given busin ess by moving to new geographic markets, finding new offerings, and products and services that would fit within your company. No doubt expanding a business to an international market can be very challenging. It is costly to implement, more so when it is done correctly, and sometimesRead MoreInternational Marketing. Submitted By: Zeinab Amin. Submitted1484 Words   |  6 Pages International Marketing Submitted by: Zeinab Amin Submitted by: Melanie Simmons International Business Northern Alberta Institute of Technology March 12, 2017 â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 4 MARKETING PLAN 5 FACTORS EFFECTING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL 6 ECONOMIC 7 SOCIAL 8 TECHNOLOGICAL 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES 8 EXPORTING 9 LICENSING AND FRANCHISING 9 JOINT VENTURE 10 DIRECT INVESTMENTS 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 12 â€Æ' INTRODUCTIONRead MorePlanning Is The Process Of Determining Appropriate Goals And Courses Of Action1401 Words   |  6 Pagesof action. Once a plan has been created the next step is to design a strategy. A strategy is a series or managerial decisions that help managers obtain organizational goals. For most organizations, there are three steps to planning. The first step is the creation of a mission statement. 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As well as how to incorporate new technologies into their business activities to improve efficiency and effectiveness and influence the competitiveness of the organisation. 1Read More Information System Essay2979 Words   |  12 Pagesadvances rapidly the main issue is how can an organization should effectively use such an information system - which its management sometimes can be unpredictable - in order to effectively help the whole organization structure to improve and take the most out of it. This report will try to analyze intranet and its impact on the use of information in organizations, as well as what actions an organization might take to make the most effective use of it. 2. What is intranet? A lot of definitions haveRead MoreTesco Strategic Marketing1918 Words   |  8 Pagesntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Strategic Marketing Planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The Case of TESCO and ASDA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 Analyzing the Competition Introduction The ability of a business to stay in the industry is one measure of the business success. This means that being able to survive is a necessity and survival translates to the ability of a business to compete. Since 1980s, marketing strategies have played keyRead MoreSituation Analysis And Objectives Of Bmo2059 Words   |  9 Pagesstrive to make complex banking understandable, influencing and optimizing personal wealth for every Canadian Defence Community Member. Overall BMO has a small footprint of loyal military customers in bases throughout Canada. Similar market share results can be found in both Petawawa and Trenton markets. Constant but slow growth has been achieved in recent years. Increased competition continues from a variety of sources including other financial institutions and non-traditional banking service providersRead MoreE-Business Globalization on Columbia Records Business Strategy5336 Words   |  22 Pagesadvancements. One of the fallacies of people is that you can only do e-business through the Internet. Conversely, that is just a part of this seemingly clear-cut novelty. E- Business is the complex fusion of business processes, enterprise applications, and organizational structure necessary to create a high-performance business model. E-business is needed in today s market just to contend with the growing battle towards profitability. Companies can both buy and sell products on line. Similar business

Political Ideologies And The Government Essay - 2489 Words

Political ideologies are a significant way to label a person’s values, beliefs, and understanding of the government’s intentions to enhance the system’s use of evoking freedom, order, and equality. In fact, many political parties use their own ideologies when campaigning for office in order to display a better understanding of what they visualize as their potential political agenda. Ideological labels such as liberal, conservative, libertarian, and communitarian each have a different classification in terms of political beliefs in what the government should ideally appear to be. Although these categories can portray one’s political belief dependent on the action of the government, it is rare to come across someone that is convinced by the nature of only one category. Individuals often come to find that they end up believing in separate topics coming from different groupings. This can potentially lead to many social and constitutional clashes when it comes time to support a certain political party. Many factors that can result in this event includes the type of education system one was brought up with, the region being born in, one’s religion, ethnicity and race, gender, and even income. Based on this information and with the great amount of research and surveys that have been taken, I discovered that I am more of a liberal compared to the other ideologies. Meaning, when it comes to making decisions about social order and values, I favor the reasoning behind enforcing theShow MoreRelated How Political Ideologies Shape Our Nation Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesa bill becomes a law. Political ideologies and cultures are some of the most important aspects of our nation. They shape the way our nation thinks and, accordingly, acts. Political Ideology is dynamic and political culture is static. This will seem quite apparent when the definitions and related examples are explained in postdating paragraphs. The ideologies of a Liberal or Conservative mindset will be clarified, as well as defined, below. Political ideology is a certain set of ideals orRead MorePolitical Ideology Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical Ideology Essay Through out the past there have been many different forms of political ideology. With all theses different types of government you have to wonder sometimes which one of theses forms of government would be the best to run the ideal society. In this paper I will compare and contrast; liberalism, social democracy, fascism, communism, and anarchy. Also I will give my opinion on which one of these forms of government would be the most ideal to run a modern day county or societyRead MoreIdeology623 Words   |  3 PagesIdeology Note: these are ‘generalizations’ and are not ‘all inclusive’†¦ An ideology is a collection of ideas, typically containing ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (democracy, theocracy, etc), the best economic system (capitalism, socialism, etc). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology one of its main ideas, e.g., socialism may refer to an economic system, or to an ideology which supports that economic system. - Political ideologies generallyRead MoreNz Ideology Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment Essay Question - Do political parties in New Zealand follow this Ideology? Choose three specific policy commitments each from different New Zealand political parties and discuss the extent to which the policies reflect a clear ideology. It is important for New Zealand parties to have a clear ideology and policies since the 2014 election is coming up. Ideology typically refers to a series of political beliefs, ethical ideals or principles. Do these New Zealand parties follow theseRead MoreThe Current Chinese Government Fits Into The Category Of Authoritarian Regimes856 Words   |  4 Pages The current Chinese government fits into the category of Authoritarian Regimes because Chinese government just use the coercion to limit political pluralism in order to maintain their power, but allows some social pluralism and does not use ideology or coercive mobilization to shape citizen’s interests, or support for the regime. However, China had been in a category of totalitarian regimes once after the World War 2 ended. 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The ideologies for each side bore a massive difference. The Democrats would favor help from the government while the R epublicans chose to go with the attitude of it’s up to the people to make a difference

Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination Free Essays

ARA S TIRM A / ORIGINAL ARTICL E Gulhane T? p Derg 2011; 53: 17-25  © Gulhane Askeri T? p Akademisi 2011 Investigation of the frequency of testicular self examination performance in young adult males Ercan Gocgeldi (*), Necmettin Kocak (**), Serdar Ulus (**), Cenk Yeginer (**), Seref Basal (***) SUMMARY Testicular tumors are the second most frequently observed malignancy after leukemia in the age group of 20-35 in men. The rate of a 5-year survey is 99. 9% with early diagnosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Awareness of the individuals and performing a testicular self examination by themselves are important in the early diagnosis. Our aim in this cross-sectional study was to determine the performance frequency of testicular self examination and the factors affecting this among young adults. Of all the participants, 23. 3%, 6. 8% and 4. 7% declared that they had heard about testicular cancer and about testicular self examination, and that they had performed testicular self examination at least once in their life, respectively. The rates of hearing about and performing testicular self examination were found low in the present study, however these rates were higher among those who had heard of testicular cancer from population. Well planned campaigns and educational organizations may be conducted in the country-wide in order to increase the awareness about testicular cancer and the frequency of testicular self examination. Key words: Soldier, testicular cancer, testicular self-examination, young adult man OZET Genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapma s? kl? g? n? n arast? r? lmas? Testis tumorleri 20-35 yas grubu erkeklerde losemiden sonra en s? k rastlanan 2. malignitedir. Erken tan? ile 5 y? ll? k yasam oran? %99. 9’dur. Bireylerin fark? ndal? g? ve kendi kendilerine testis muayenesi yapmalar? erken tan? icin onemlidir. Bu kesitsel cal? smadaki amac? m? z, genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendisine testis muayenesi uygulama duzeyi ve buna etki eden faktorleri saptamakt? r. Kat? l? mc? lar? n %23. 3’u testis kanserini duyduklar? n? , %6. 8’i kendi kendisine testis muayenesini duyduklar? n? , %4. 7’si hayatlar? boyunca en az bir kez kendi kendisine testis muayenesi yapt? klar? n? belirtmislerdir. Cal? smam? z? n yap? ld? g? populasyonda kendi kendisine testis muayenesini duyma s? kl? g? ve kendi kendisine testis muayenesi yapma durumlar? dusuk bulunmustur, ancak bu oranlar testis kanserini populasyondan duyanlarda daha yuksek olarak bulunmustur. Testis kanserinin fark? ndal? g? n? n ve kendi kendisine testis muayenesinin s? kl? g? n? n art? r? lmas? icin ulke genelinde iyi planlanm? s kampanyalar ve egitim organizasyonlar? duzenlenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Asker, testis kanseri, kendi kendine testis muayenesi, genc eriskin erkek * Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces ** Department of Public Health, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty *** Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty This study was presented at the 12th National Congress of Public Health (Ankara, October 21-25, 2008) Reprint request: Dr. Ercan Gocgeldi, Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces, Bakanl? klar, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: drnkocak@gmail. com Date submitted: July 15, 2010 †¢ Date accepted: November 01, 2010 Introduction Testicular cancer is one of the health problems, frequency of which continuously increases. Testicular tumors are the second most frequent malignancy after leukemia in males at the age group of 20-35 (1). The incidence of testicular cancer shows variations between countries, races and socio-economic classes. The rate is 6. 7% and 0. in Scandinavian countries and Japan, respectively. In the USA 2-3 new cases are reported per 100. 000 males per year (2). The risk of a development of testicular cancer in white males in the USA during the whole life is at a level of 0. 2%. The incidence in people of higher socio-economic classes is half of the lower socio-economic classes (2). Although the reason for testicular cancer is not known exactly, there is knowledge regarding that both congenital as well as some acquired factors are responsible in tumor development. The strongest relationship is with an â€Å"undescended testis†. Approximately 7-10% of testicular cancers develop with cryptorchidism history. The cryptorchidism prevalence is 9. 2-30. 0% in premature births and 3. 55. 8% in mature births. Cryptorchidism frequency is 0. 8-1. 0% during the first age and remains unchanged with a ratio of 0. 7% until puberty (3). Five to 10% of testicular tumors occur on the opposite side, in the normal descended testis. The highest relative malignancy risk (1 of 20) is met in intra-abdominal testis. Placement of the cryptorchid testis into the scrotum (orchidopexy) reduces the malignancy potential of the cryptorchid testis (2). The frequency of testicular cancer cases met on the right side is 52. 3%, on the left side 47. 7%, and the frequency of being bilateral is 2-3% (4). In general the patients consult the physician due to a painless single side bulge and mass in the scrotum. The growth of the testis in general develops slowly and a feeling of testicular pain is experienced. The common accepted opinion is that until the opposite 17 is approved, a determined asperity in the testis needs to be deemed as a malign tumor (3). Other symptoms are gynecomasty, pigmentation on the scrotum, and pain in the abdomen and the groin. Scrotal pain develops at the late period of the tumor as a result of tunica albuginea or epididymis invasion (4). The time between the first discovery of the lesion in the testis and start of the definite treatment (orchidectomy) is 3-6 months in average. The time of the delay shows a correlation with the incidence of the metastasis. Approximately 10% of the patients are asymptomatic and can be detected upon trauma or by the sexual partner of the patient (3). Testis tumor often mimics epididymitis and epididymorchidis. Ten per cent of testis tumors mimics orchiepididymitis. Their diagnosis can easily be made with ultrasound and anamnesis. Other diseases to be considered during the diagnosis are spermatocele, traumatic hematocele, granulomatous orchitis, varicocele and epidermoid cysts (3). Testicular cancer can be treated completely when they are detected in early stages. The chance for a 5-year life is 99. 9% with early diagnosis (5). Among the basic diagnostic methods, ultrasound, transillumination and computed tomography can be mentioned (1,3). Individuals’ awareness and their performing a testicular self examination (TSE) by themselves is important regarding an early diagnosis (3). Routine testicular self examination (R-TSE) is an examination performed by the person himself at least once a month and regularly, which is made by using both hands, while holding the testis with one hand and examining the testis on masses during bathing or after bathing in front of a mirror (1,6). Along with the advantages that R-TSE is easy to learn and to apply, safe, non-invasive, economic, and does not need any special tools and devices, take time. When it is performed regularly each month, it provides that changes are detected early because the testis structure is known. There are some studies examining testicular cancer and TSE performance frequencies. In these studies, TSE performance frequency varies according to the attributes of the group with which the study is realized. The frequencies of hearing about testicular cancer and TSE and performance of TSE in these studies are summarized in Table I. In the study performed by Ercan et. al. among 867 male university students between the ages of 18-30 years, it is determined that 8. 9% of the participants have heard about TSE, and 5. 1% perform TSE (6). In the study performed by Lechner et. l. among 274 students between the ages of 15-19 years, it is determi18 †¢ March 2011 †¢ Gulhane Med J ned that 3. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE and 2. 0% performed TSE (5). The TSE performance frequency of the participants of the study realized by Khadra et. al. among 202 persons of the ages of 18-50 years who consulted a polyclinic providing first stage health services is determined as 22. 0 % (7). In the study performed by Moore et. al. among 203 people who are university students or graduates between the ages of 20-45 years, it is determined that 32. % of the participants have heard about TSE and 22. 0% performed TSE (8). In the study by Rudberg et. al. performed among university students in Sweden, it is determined that many of the students have not heard anything about TSE (9). In the study of Tichler et. al. among 717 soldiers and 200 military physicians in the Israeli army, 2. 0% of the soldiers and 73% of the physicians have stated that they have performed TSE (10). In the study of Vaz et. al. among 1364 adolescent males, 28. 0% of the participants stated that they had heard about testicular cancer (11). In this study of Wardle et. al. among 7304 young male adults, it is stated that 13. 0% of the participants have performed TSE (12). In the study by Neef et. al. among 404 male college students, it is stated that 42. 0% of the participants heard about TSE, 22% performed TSE before (13). In the study by Cummings et. al. among 266 university students and male graduates, it is determined that 16. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE (14). In the study of Christine et. al. among 191 young adult males between the ages of 18-35 years, it is stated that 36. % of the participants have performed TSE (15). It is rather important that the male become more aware on testicular cancer, of which the frequency of incurrence has raised during the last years, they learn and apply TSE as an early diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to determine the testicular self examination performance frequency in young adult males. Material and Methods The universe of this study, planned in cross sec tion type, was constituted by 5033 persons, who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in the recruitment period in November 2007. There is no sample selection made for the study, it is targeted to reach the whole universe in a term of one week upon the start of the arrival of the soldiers to the unit. As some soldiers joined the unit except for working hours and that some rejected to participate in the study, not the whole of the universe could be reached, the study was performed with 3645 (72. 4%) persons. The data were collected by the researchers using the question form, developed by the researchers after a liGocgeldi et al. Table I. Brief findings of studies regarding the performance of a testicular self examination Researchers Research type Age group Group attribute Hearing of Hearing (n) testicular of TSE cancer Ercan et. al. (6) Lechner et. al. (5) Khadra et. al. (7) Cross sectional Descriptive Descriptive 18-30 15-19 18-50 University students (867) High-school students (274) People consulting polyclinic providing a first stage health services (202) University students and graduates (203) High-school students (727) Male soldiers (717) Military physicians (200) Vaz et. al. (11) Wardle et. al. (12) Neef et. al. 13) Cummings et. al. (14) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive Descriptive Adolescent Young adult male (1364) 16486 students College students (404) University students and graduates (266) People living in industry complex (191) 42% 16% 28% 42. 9% 26. 0% 91. 0% 8. 9% 3. 0% 28% At least one performance of TSE in life 5. 1% 2. 0% 22% At least once a month performance of TSE Country Turkey Holland England Moore et. al. (8) Rudberg et. al. (9) Tichler et. al. (10) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive 20-45 15-21 90. 6% 11. 3% 32. 0% 5. 6% 22. 0% 11. 5% 2% 73% 5. 06% 1. 2% England Sweden Israel USA 13% 22% 8% England USA USA Christine et. al. (15) Descriptive 18-35 36% USA terature hatch. On the question form, there are 7 questions regarding their socio-demographic attributes, 3 questions regarding the stories of the participants regarding cancer and testicular cancer, 10 questions regarding testicular self examination in order to determine their behavior and 15 questions regarding testicular cancer, symptoms and TSE were included into the knowledge test. The pre-test of the question form, prepared by the researchers was made with 20 soldiers of the Gulhane Military Medical Academy. Support Troops Command, failures regarding the application and easiness to understand and observed failures regarding data entrance are amended. It was approved by the ethic commission. Groups of 20 persons of the soldiers who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in November 2007 were interviewed, the study and its aim were explained, if they should want to participate (those who orally accepted to) necessary information regarding some definitions in the inquiry (testis, undescended testis, testicular self examination) is provided orally such that Volume 53 †¢ Issue 1 he participants can understand these and provided that they answer the questions under observation. The recruitment age in Turkey is 20 and those, who are not hindered join the Armed Forces in general at the age of 21 years. But only at a little part the recruitment age is later due to several reasons. Thus, in general male perform their military services at the age of 20-21. For that, the ages are grouped as 20-21, 2224, 25 years and above. The occupational information of the participants is obtained as open end and afterwards a grouping regarding being or not-being related to healthcare is performed. The demographic distribution of the participants is grouped by the regionalization system of five of the Turkish Statistic Institute by respecting their provinces of birth. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10. 0 package statistic software. The descriptive statistics were given as frequencies and percent. The TSE performance frequencies and completeness of some sociodemographic with descriptive attributes, the completeness of giving correct answers to each question of the knowledge test with the TSE performance freTesticular self examination †¢ 19 quency, of which it was thought that they may have an effect on this, was compared with the chi-square, and the comparison of the average of the participants giving correct answers at the knowledge test according to their socio-demographic and descriptive attributes was compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test. A p value of How to cite Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination, Essay examples

The Enron Scandal free essay sample

A paper which discusses whether current database technologies could have helped prevent the Enron scandal. The collapse of Enron, which represents the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, led to thousands of employees losing their life savings in 401(k) plans tied to the companys stock. Arthur Andersen, Enrons auditing firm, has been indicted for obstruction of justice for allegedly shredding thousands of Enron documents. This paper explores to what extent a business disaster could have been averted by using modern database technology such as knowledge management tools or data warehousing applications to create a safer working environment. But what could have prevented so many individuals from losing their life savings? Is there any database application that could have prevented that? Probably not from a user perspective but certainly for an auditing perspective. Data mining allows for the extraction of particular information based on defined goals. Once the attributes are created, the user can extract hidden predictive information from large databases. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enron Scandal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the case of Enrons auditing practices, perhaps a data-mining tool would have been able to unearth hidden information. Remember, data mining is data-driven, not user or verification-driven. A user formats a theory about a possible relation in the database and converts this hypothesis into a query.